Saturday, August 31, 2024

Part of my Journey in Uechi Ryu

In 1985 when I first moved to New Hampshire, one of the things I worked on was to find the strongest karate in New England. I wanted to prepare my students to face the best I could find in that area.

I observed many styles at various New England open karate tournaments and I discovered the most impressive style was Uechi Ryu.

Shortly there after I began my adult program and shortly there after I had 3 Ueichi brown belt students approach me to consider if they could join my program. It was not they were disatisified with Ueichi, but the program they studied at was a commercial one, and the possibility to train in another good program that cost nothing appealed to their circumstances.

We reached a meeting of our minds and they joined my program. I explained I expected them to continue their Uechi training (before or after class for I respected their efforts to become brown belts). However in my program they would learn as White Belts, and acquiring my system from the ground up. They were agreeable.

As time passed I carefully observed their Uechi practices, and eventually Tom Chan, taught me he Uechi Sanchin and Uechi Seisan kata. Of course this allowed me an intimate look at what Uechi was about. Then in turn I used this for my studies how to neutralize their techniques.

On the East Coast George Mattson was the individual who introduced Uechi karate there.

This is a video of Mattson Sensei performing the 8 Uechi kata.

Uechiryu George Mattson kata demo
All eight kata are demonstrated

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ze2MzXadD4


 




Another Okinawan Uechi instructor was Kiyohide Shinjo. Here he shows more Uechi training.

Powerful Sanchin Kata Testing of Kiyohide Shinjo in Okinawa, by Master Tsutomu Nakahodo, 1970's

This film is an excerpt from the first instructional video ever made by and Okinawan Karate Master, in the late 1970's. Filmed in the Kadena dojo, this powerful Sanchin test of the muscular Kiyohide Shinjo is conducted by Master Tsutomu Nakahodo, a senior black belt of the Kadena dojo.

The incredible strength of the stance and technique of the Uechi Ryu sanchin kata is exemplified in this film.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5A89Y9Kq3U



This film is an excerpt from the first instructional video ever made by an Okinawan Karate Master. Filmed in the Kadena Dojo, in the late 1970's, it set the standard, at that time, for black belt kata in the Kenyukai System of Uechi Ryu Karate Do.
 Seisan Kata is performed by Narahiro Shinjo.  Sanseiryu Kata by Okahama and Seichin Kata by Kiyohide, Narahiro, and Yako Shinjo.  All Kata is led by Tsutomu Nakahodo, a senior of the Kadena Dojo.
Taken from Alan Dollar's Okinawan Historical Series. Volume 2 of 3, Episode 3.Seisan, Sanseiryu and Seichin Katas, performed in the Kadena, Okinawa dojo,1970's. Old School

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XuBLcmvYcZw


 
Uechi Futenma dojo and complete uncut movie of visit to Wakayama ,Japan dojo.
This is followed by what I believe to be a complete/ uncut movie of Wakayama, Japan dojo visit with GEM and Ryuko Tomoyose. Note: These movies were given to me in Oct/Nov 1999 when I was visiting Okinawa by Shintoku Takara sensei.

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U_HtwpDf4a0  



Master
Uechi Kanei visit to China : a different movie 


The first form seen in the video is a traditional Tang style lang quan (praying mantis). The second execution is Dog form (Gou quan or di shu quan). the third is saber in one of the southern styles. The fourth execution is chan chuan style (northern long boxing, or cha chuan north style). The fifth is a girl doing northern style chang chuan. the sixth execution is making sei san form of the uechi ryu style. the seventh is huzun quan white crane style. eighth execution is jian vs. jian (sword against sword). Ninth form wuzu quan. - tenth form is running the southern monkey form. Execution 11 clearly shows the Whooping Crane attack style.

Thanks for posting these classic videos.This is video of Master Kanei Uechi, GEM and Ryuko Tomoyose visit to China . I believe it is a more complete movie in that around 3 minutes and 15 minutes you will see Master GEM doing Seisan and Sanchin for the Chinese participants.
It is amazing how fast their hands are and how deep they can go in their stances .

It is also very evident in many katas what animal is being portrayed.


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6LKJsNSlOmk




My efforts to be able to neutralize Uechi Ryu was a big part of my focus on working out how to apply Isshinryu technique. Eventually i moved on to other systems. Then I met Sherman Harrill and learned ever so much more. Eventually Sherman related how he worked with many Ueichi instructors at his seminars. He too was imprssed with Uechi Ryu, of course he had many ways to use his Isshinryu to give them fits.

 

 3 seconds KO by Karate Master; Kiyohide Shinjo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O0yAiK6ZMSY


 


And at times a discussion on the Bubishi would remain most obscure

One of  the most unique discussions about the Bubishi came when Fernando from Brasil,  who wrote me about a poem by German doctor Franz Mesmer  (among many other things was the inventor of hypnotism).  Fermando maintained this poem related to the Bubishi. It was written in French but I attempted to translate it. The following contains my efforts at translation. I never felt I worked out what Fernando was referring to, perhaps my efforts will make more sense to you.


Fernando is a MD doctor, a Karate expert in Brasil, and many other incredible things.


I suggest this poem came from Mesmer's work on Animal Magnetism.   

To explain that I refer to this selection from Wiikipedia.



Animal magnetism, also known as mesmerism, is a theory invented by German doctor Franz Mesmer in the 18th century. It posits the existence of an invisible natural force (Lebensmagnetismus) possessed by all living things, including humans, animals, and vegetables. He claimed that the force could have physical effects, including healing.[1]

The vitalist theory attracted numerous followers in Europe and the United States and was popular into the 19th century. Practitioners were often known as magnetizers rather than mesmerists. It had an important influence in medicine for about 75 years from its beginnings in 1779, and continued to have some influence for another 50 years. Hundreds of books were written on the subject between 1766 and 1925, but it is no longer practiced today except as a form of alternative medicine in some places.[2]


"Mesmerism"

A tendency emerged amongst British magnetizers to call their clinical techniques "mesmerism"; they wanted to distance themselves from the theoretical orientation of animal magnetism that was based on the concept of "magnetic fluid". At the time, some magnetizers attempted to channel what they thought was a magnetic "fluid", and sometimes they attempted this with a "laying on of hands". Reported effects included various feelings: intense heat, trembling, trances, and seizures.[9]

Many practitioners took a scientific approach, such as Joseph Philippe François Deleuze (1753–1835), a French physician, anatomist, gynecologist, and physicist. One of his pupils was Théodore Léger (1799–1853), who wrote that the label "mesmerism" was "most improper".[10]

Noting that, by 1846, the term "galvanism" had been replaced by "electricity", Léger wrote that year:[10]

    Mesmerism, of all the names proposed [to replace the term animal magnetism], is decidedly the most improper; for, in the first place, no true science has ever been designated by the name of a man, whatever be the claims he could urge in his favor; and secondly, what are the claims of Mesmer for such an honor? He is not the inventor of the practical part of the science, since we can trace the practice of it through the most remote ages; and in that respect, the part which he introduced has been completely abandoned. He proposed for it a theory which is now [viz., 1846] exploded, and which, on account of his errors, has been fatal to our progress. He never spoke of the phenomena which have rehabilitated our cause among scientific men; and since nothing remains to be attributed to Mesmer, either in the practice and theory, or the discoveries that constitute our science, why should it be called mesmerism?


 



Breath   (from Fernando)


This is a 18 Century doctrine of Animal Magnetism (aka Mesmerism), proposed by the physician Franz Anton Mesmer.  There is many similarities with Chinese Naturphilosophie. In fact, this is why the Chineses assimilated easily this doctrine, although they never had experienced the Illuminism.

This is the "nocturne side" of thought (Mesmer himself said, paraphrasing Descartes: I felt, so I am).It works...  if you understand the original meaning of the words of the ancient Poetics (Bubishi is full of this), how wrote Mallarmé:

Indomptablement a dú
Comme mon espoir s’y lance
Eclater là-haut perdu
Avec furie et silence,
Voix étrangère au bosquet
Ou par nul écho suivie,
L'oiseau qu'on n'ouit jamais
Une autre fois en la vie.
Le hagard musicien
Cela dans le doute expire
Si de mon sein pas du sien
A jailli le sanglot pire.
Déchire va-t-il entier
Rester sur quelque sentier!

Uncontrollably dú has
Like my hope launches out there
To burst up there lost
With fury and silence,
Foreign voice with the thicket
Or by no echo followed,
L' bird qu' one n' ouit never
Another time in the life.
The hagard musician
That in the doubt expires
So of my centre not of his
With spouted out the worse sob.
Tear goes it whole
To remain on some path!




The word sanglot has in the poem the sense closer to your "breath".
Alors!   Fernando



 
Petit air, II

 Indomptablement a dû
 Comme mon espoir s’y lance
 Éclater là-haut perdu
 Avec furie et silence,

 Voix étrangère au bosquet
 Ou par nul écho suivie,
 L’oiseau qu’on n’ouït jamais
 Une autre fois en la vie.

 Le hagard musicien,
 Cela dans le doute expire
 Si de mon sein pas du sien
 A jailli le sanglot pire

 Déchiré va-t-il entier
 Rester sur quelque sentier !



Petit Air II                                Petit Air II
Indomptablement a dû             Indomptablement had
Comme mon espoir s’y lance  As I hope it launches
Éclater là-haut perdu               Break up there lost
Avec furie et silence,                With fury and silence,
Voix étrangère au bosquet       Voice foreign bosquet
Ou par nul écho suivie             Or no response followed
L’oiseau qu’on n’ouït jamais   The bird that never n'ouït
Une autre fois en la vie.            Another time in life.
Le hagard musicien,                The haggard musician,
Cela dans le doute expire        It expires in doubt
Si de mon sein pas du sien      If not within my own
A jailli le sanglot pire              A sob burst the worst
Déchiré va-t-il entier               Shredded going to whole
Rester sur quelque sentier !    Stay on a trail!
 
 

PETIT AIR II




Circonstances matérielles propres à éclairer le poème:


On ne possède aucune indication nous renseignant sur la date de composition de ce poème, sur les circonstances dans lesquelles il a été écrit. Dans la bibliographie préparée pour l'édition des "Poésies" par Deman (1899), Mallarmé indique seulement : "appartient à l'album de M. Daudet".


Pour l'étude des différents états du texte et des variantes, voir l'édition des Poésies de Mallarmé procurée par Bertrand Marchal (Poésie/Gallimard 1992) et celle de la Pléiade (1998).
 
 
Interprétations d'ensemble:



CHASSE affirme qu'il s'agit d'une pièce d'inspiration incontestablement scatologique. Voici son interprétation : "Le poète se trouve seul dans un coin de forêt, probablement dans la forêt de Fontainebleau. Là il lui arrive, comme dirait Rabelais, de "barytonner du cul". Ecoutant retentir ce bruit insolite, il se demande d'où cette sonorité a bondi. Est-ce de son propre corps ou bien serait-ce un chant émis par un oiseau au ramage inconnu : "l'oiseau qu'on n'ouit jamais/une autre fois en la vie". De quel organisme est sorti ce zéphyr ? C'est surtout l'expression le sanglot pire qui nous aide à comprendre le sens général de ce poème, inattendu. Le mot sanglot est un mot strictement médical, qui s'applique, selon Littré, à un sursaut du diaphragme expulsant de l'air par la bouche. Définition de Littré : " une contraction spasmodique brusque et instantanée du diaphragme qui est aussitôt suivie d'un mouvement de relâchement par lequel le peu d'air que la contraction avait fait entrer dans la poitrine est chassé avec bruit". Le sanglot pire, c'est "celui qui, poursuit CHASSE, sort par le bas au lieu de sortir par le haut" et il note ensuite avec humour : "Il est piquant de constater que Jean Royère, exaltant la musicalité du poème, déclare que nul écrivain n'a mieux traduit "l'ascension d'un soupir". Or ce n'est pas à une ascension que nous assistons, mais à une descente bien caractérisée - et ce que Mallarmé, en conclusion, souhaite qu'on lui dise, c'est quel a été finalement le destin de ce vent qui s'est envolé dans la forêt. Va-t-on le trouver un jour soit écartelé, soit demeuré entier et agonisant dans quelque sente du bois ? CHASSE cite ensuite un poème d'Aristide Bruant (du recueil "Dans la Rue") où l'on constate dans l'esprit du poète la même association d'idées. Poème que Mallarmé avait de fortes raisons de connaître, d'après CHASSE.


Cette interprétation, quelqu'ingénieuse qu'elle soit, ne paraît pas acceptable. Elle essaie de justifier le poème plus qu'elle ne l'explique vraiment. L'interprétation de NOULET que CHASSE traite de "mystique" semble beaucoup plus proche de l'impression qu'on peut éprouver à la lecture de ce poème. Pour elle "ce petit air joue une des chansons les plus tristes du recueil ... Est-il écrit à un moment où le poète fut plus moqué et insulté que de coutume et où lui-même s'est demandé - c'est la question que posent les deux derniers vers - s'il n'y avait une vie possible pour ce qu'il avait chanté ? "L'interprétation de GENGOUX va dans ce sens : "La vie ne satisfait plus le poète qui redoute de manquer sa chance. L'oiseau, c'est le poète appelé aux hautes altitudes du Néant".


Explication de détail:



Les deux premiers quatrains se composent d'une seule phrase dont les éléments principaux sont les suivants : l'oiseau qu'on n'ouït jamais (une autre fois en la vie); voix étrangère... a dû, indomptablement, comme mon espoir s'y lance Eclater là-haut, perdu Avec furie et silence. Cette dislocation de la phrase où il faut aller chercher le sujet au vers 7 est caractéristique de la technique de Mallarmé. Le sujet du poème est donc un chant, le chant d'un oiseau montant soudain à une hauteur, non seulement inouïe mais inaudible, éclatant pour ainsi dire en silence. L'effort est tel que le musicien probablement meurt" (MAURON). MAURON cite à ce propos Mallarmé lui-même dans "Divagations": "Car voici le miracle de chanter. On se projette haut, comme va le cri". Indomptablement a dû : ce bel adverbe commence le sonnet de la même manière péremptoire que Victorieusement fui le suicide beau (E. NOULET). Cet adverbe semble porter non sur le verbe a dû, mais sur le vers suivant: comme mon espoir s'y lance. "Symbole de mon espoir, indomptablement, il a fallu qu'éclate là-haut…( GENGOUX). Cet adverbe semble à peu près synonyme de "fatalement". A dû : ce poème est surtout beau pour sa musicalité. Ces deux petits mots suggèrent deux sons très brefs, deux coups d'archet à peine audibles. comme mon espoir s'y lance: Cette comparaison suivant un procédé fréquent, vient séparer deux formes verbales éloignant l'infinitif: a dû…éclater. Ce comme souligne la métaphore et nous permet de donner une interprétation symbolique à ce poème. GENGOUX a raison de traduire "symbole de mon espoir". Le rythme de ce vers est moins saccadé que celui du 1er vers, il est plus mélodieux, plus uni. Eclater là-haut perdu : ce vers reprend le rythme saccadé du début. Il provoque la même impression de son qui "éclate" dans le vide (au sens physique et précis du terme), son que ne prolonge aucune vibration dans l'air. Avec furie et silence: E. NOULET juge nécessaire de préciser que ces deux beaux mots, plus beaux d'être accouplés, se rapportent à éclater, non à perdu. Furie évoque un son strident, un son qui déchire l'air. Silence : dernier mot du 1er quatrain : C'est l'effet qu'ont visé à produire ces 4 vers : passage du son au silence. Voix étrangère au bosquet : voix : opposition à l'oiseau. Bosquet : c'est le 1er mot, dit NOULET, qui autorise une interprétation allégorique du sonnet. Il est employé dans "Toast funèbre" avec une acception qui paraît convenir dans cette strophe : c'est le bosquet des poètes; l'oiseau n'est donc pas que lui-même, et cette strophe décrit sa place solitaire dans l'histoire de la poésie. Etrangère : "Parce que le bosquet n'est communément hanté que de voix audibles et de chants intelligibles" (MAURON). Cette voix étrangère - c'est celle qui parle d'autre chose. Ou par nul écho suivie souligne la "solitude" intellectuelle du poète. E. NOULET - "C'est vrai que Mallarmé n'eut ni imitateur, ni véritable disciple". GENGOUX explique ce vers de la façon suivante : "elle n'éveille aucun écho parce qu'elle est au-delà de l'espace". Une autre fois en la vie : en la vie de l'oiseau (ou du poète). Ce chant de l'oiseau serait une espèce de chant du cygne. Suggère la mort du musicien. "Après cet éclat de furie et de silence, un point d'orgue de malaise : le sanglot pire : pire que tous les sanglots, au delà de tous. A-t-il vraiment jailli du sein du musicien ou de celui de l'auditeur ? (MAURON).
3ème quatrain : le hagard musicien il faut rétablir, pour mieux comprendre, l'ordre ordinaire de la syntaxe le hagard musicien... expire... cela dans le doute ( de savoir) si le sanglot pire a jailli de mon sein ou du sien. hagard: "s'appliquant à un oiseau, doit se traduire par le musicien sauvage, le musicien des haies, ce qui est le sens étymologique du mot "hagard" (CHASSE). GENGOUX rapproche ce "hagard musicien" du "creux néant musicien" du poème "Une dentelle s'abolit". Cela dans le doute expire/Si de mon sein pas du sien/A jailli le sanglot pire; traduction de GENCOUX "mais le hagard musicien qui m'appelle vers son absolu termine son cri en me laissant dans le doute, car de mon sein, pas du sien, a jailli un sanglot pire, celui de l'amour". Cela : on peut se demander si cela signifie "ce chant" ou cet élan" ? Expire : s'achève. Le doute : peut-être celui de ne pas avoir pu atteindre l'Idéal. Le sanglot pire pour GENGOUX "c'est le sanglot de l'amour, comme "Les Fleurs" faisaient de "la blancheur sanglotante des lys", comme "Dame trop d'ardeur" entendait "pleurer le diamant". Ainsi "déchiré" par ses deux tendances contraires, le poète restera-t-il dans" l'ici-bas" vulgaire, "oublieux de tout idéal". Pour MAURON l'idée de "sanglot" chez Mallarmé est associée à celle de "paradis et d'extase" (Cf "Apparition" : "De blancs sanglots glissant sur l'azur des corolles) extase, dit-il, mêlée aux instruments anciens, mot accroché au paradis perdu de l'enfance dans "Les Fleurs" , dans "Hérodiade" : "les sanglots … meurtris/D'une enfance ... : "extase de la chaleur maternelle ici". Pour le faune, C'est l'extase amoureuse, le paradis retrouvé, érotique "sans pitié du sanglot". Le sanglot pire serait celui du paradis sublimé, non plus l'extase de la chaleur maternelle ou l'extase amoureuse, mais celle du chant. cf. "Hommage à Wagner" : "Mal tu par l'encre même en sanglots sibyllins". Ce qui caractérise le rythme de ce 3ème quatrain, c'est d'être hâché. Les sonorités sont à la fois dures et sourdes : dures à cause des r (hagard, expire, pire), sourdes ou assourdies à cause des nasales musicien, sein, sien (insistance voulue). Ces sonorités traduisent très bien une douleur étouffée.

 
Distique:  Discussion


3rd quatrain: the hagard musician it is necessary to restore, for better including/understanding, l' ordinary order of syntax the hagard musician… expires… that in the doubt (of knowing) if the worse sob spouted out my centre or his. hagard: " s' applying to a bird, must result in the wild musician, the musician of the hedges, which is the etymological direction of the word " hagard" (HUNTING). GENGOUX brings closer this " hagard musicien" " hollow nothing musicien" poem " A lace s' abolit". That in the doubt expire/Si of my centre not of the sien/A spouted out the worse sob; translation of GENCOUX " but the hagard musician which m' call towards its absolute finishes its cry while leaving me in the doubt, because of my centre, not of his, spouted out a worse sob, that of l' amour". That: one can wonder whether that means " this chant" or this élan" ? Expire: s' complete. The doubt: perhaps that not to have been able to reach l' Ideal. The worse sob for GENGOUX " c' is the sob of l' love, like " Fleurs" made " whiteness sanglotante of the lys" , like " Ram too d' ardeur" heard " to cry the diamant". Thus " déchiré" by his two contrary tendencies, the poet will remain dans" l' ici-bas" vulgar, " oublieux of all idéal". For MAURON l' idea of " sanglot" at Mallarmé is associated with that of " paradise and d' extase" (Cf " Apparition" : " White sobs slipping on l' azure of the corollas) extase, says it, mixed with the old instruments, word fixed on the lost paradise of l' childhood in " Fleurs" , in " Hérodiade" : " sobs… meurtris/D' a childhood…: " extase of maternal heat ici". For fauna, C' is l' extase in love, the paradise found, erotic " without pity of the sanglot". The worse sob would be that of the sublimated paradise, either l' extase of maternal heat or l' extase in love, but that of the song. cf " Homage to Wagner" : " Badly you by l' ink even in sobs sibyllins". What characterizes the rate/rhythm of this 3rd quatrain, c' is d' to be hâché. Sonorities are at the same time hard and deaf: hard because of the R (hagard, expires, worse), deaf persons or deafened because of nasal the musician, centre, his (desired insistence). These sonorities very correctly translate a choked pain.

May you have better luck than I did.ˆ                                                                                                                                                                                                            

Thursday, August 29, 2024

And now a word from our sponsor

 


If you have been reading this blog by now you should know who I am. I am Victor Smith.

My journey in Isshinryu began in 1974 to my best recollection today.  I love my study and my instructors, they share their art freely with me, allowing me to develop my own Isshinryu following their teachings.

I have also been trained by many other instructors in many other arts. For as short a time as one day or as long a time as 45 years, learning from each of them. They each expanded my knowledge.

Of course I have lived long enough to reach the stage very few discuss with me any longer. That reality is something no one ever tells you.

I have continually striven to understand my Isshinryu better, each and every day. I have some small success at that and that study continues to this day.

Simply put, I believe my Isshinryu studies can whoop anyone on any art provided I use my studies correctly. Of course I also realize any other art applied correctly to me can also defeat me.  The work continues...

I have studied as much about Isshinryu as possible.

I have studied a wide range of other arts, to understand what is out there and of course use their technique and application to work to defeat such coming in my direction.

Let me give one example, selected at random, not to pick on anyone. Take Goju, as their practitioners work their  art to be able to defeat me, in turn I work my art (s) to do the same to the Goju artist.

When I became an instructor I freely gave my time to the youth where I lived through the Scranton Boys Club and then through the Derry Boys and Girls Club. I also ran a small adult program through the Derry club too.  

 

I always worked to give my students the best karate I could. Those kids who trained on the average stayed 2 or 3 years, however those who stayed until they were 18 and who received their sho dan all correctly moved on in their lives, as is appropriate for the young. Those adults who trained with me and made it to shodan, then continued to train with me for an average of 20 years. Those who became senior members stayed with me for +35 years.

I always wanted to know more about everything and actively pursued that. What I am sharing in this blog is a small percent of my ongoing studies.

Now much alone, I still continue to learn and understand more. I am also continuing to share some of what I grained freely for the use of others.

This ad is concluded.    LOL

 



 




Isshinryu Kata & Bunkai - Sunsu - Sensei John Ingram and the 1990 Don Nagle Interview


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vEPWk73JLYo


 1990 AOKA INC Don Nagle Interview
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h3QNWe0z2yc&t=23s

 



Wednesday, August 28, 2024

Jittejutsu 0f Japan



Jittejutsu (十手術) is the Japanese martial art[1] of using the Japanese weapon jitte (also known as jutte in English-language sources).[2]

Jittejutsu was evolved mainly for the law enforcement officers of the Edo period[3] to enable non-lethal disarmament and apprehension of criminals who were usually carrying a sword.[4]

Besides the use of striking an assailant on the head, wrists, hands and arms like that of a baton, the jitte can also be used for blocking, deflecting and grappling a sword in the hands of a skilled user.[5]

 

 
 
江戸町方十手捕縄扱い様 其之二 Jitte Jutsu 十手術 Bujutsu


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ChP5CUiF69s&t=93s


 


A discussion on Funakoshi's 20 Precepts

 At 11:33 PM 5/30/02, Chris wrote:

 



I would love to know the source of that statement.

Funakoshi's 20 Precepts. There are a few differences in different translations but essentially they deliver the same message. The one Ed referred to is Precept # 17 but you need to look at them all and read them in context.


But it still does not compute, and although I am probably not going to survive the argument I must go forward.

Its only a discussion forum, not a battleground :)


A high stance in combat has no central rooted balance.  The practitioner is too easily taken to the ground or forced off balance.  That is not to say that in combat one should move inches off the ground.  But clearly with a lower center of gravity one has a more stable platformA compromise between mobility and stability is the root of maneuver warfare, and clearly combat in the martial art environment is the epitome of maneuver warfare.

It depends on the combat you have in mind.  The discussion began on the use of low stances in modern Shotokan kata.  In the earlier versions of the kata taught by Funakoshi Sensei, the stances were much higher.  Check the 1922/5 publications still available as reprints for verification.

If you are discussing self-defense then we are talking about assault situations which are generally over and done with before a stance can be even considered.

If we are talking car park duels or even tournament kumite style then it is usual to see the mobility of higher stances combined with a transition into a deep stance to deliver a technique and then an immediate return to a mobile higher stance. IMO.


I personally have not trained for enlightenment, nor have a trained for purity...and I have never trained for the "art" of it.  I have always trained for the "warrior" value. 

Warriors are full time military personnel.  Karate is a self-defense art for citizens and police.  Warriors engage in battle willingly on command.


Karate is not a samurai art.
  There were Okinawan Bushi (Gentlemen Warriors) involved in karate but the art is a civilian not a martial art as such.


That mindset has led me to a number of conclusions I very rarely share with others.  One of those conclusions is the real world usefulness of what I do.  Training for the sake of training has no value in a combat situation.  Only training for the real world has value.  During an "incident" everybody does what they have trained to do.  Everybody does what they have repeatedly programmed into their sub-conscious.  It is the sub-conscious that allows for the "void".  And the sub-conscious will only spit out what has been programmed in.  The classic statement of "Garbage in-garbage out" applies here.  The other principle I live by is "Train as you fight...fight as you train".  With these two principles in mind I clearly can not believe your statement. 


By your definition above, the only training you would engage in is realistic fighting.  And that is not possible, even soldiers throughout the ages have practiced with wooden swords, stuck bayonets into dummies and bombed desolate areas.


One trains in drills to develop skills and applied these skills in simulated scenarios as realistic as safety permits.  Drills can be extrapolated from kata and solutions to problems, ie responses to confrontation, can be prepared for those possibilities.


A beginner can not wait 20 years to make use of their training.  They must be able to use it as soon as it is required.  And clearly the history of forms practice is centered around repetition.  One must conclude that the stance one will depend on is the one that has been practiced for 5 or 20 years.  And that is the way you will fight when it is time.


The rub is in practicing the applications (function) not the kata (form).  The solo practice of kata allow for technique to be improved and the application with a partner provides the 'specific' training.  20 years of kata without application is of little value when confronted with situations that have not been prepared for more fully.


The benefits of a deeper more rooted stance are evident, and they do not have anything to do with "training".   A deeper stance allows for a more precise center of gravity.  It allows for a smaller profile in combat, which provides less surface area to defend.  It puts downward pressure on exposed limbs.


We are in disagreement here.



Lowering the weight making the possibility of being taken to the ground harder, and makes being the victim of a lock or throw more rare.


Agree in a grappling situation.


I still contend that we look at the final picture too much.  In my research...lately...I have been trying to make connections to Chinese Quan Fa and the eveolution of Okinawan karate form China.  In looking at the modern Kung Fu...deep, and oddly shaped.


Well haven't you noticed the differences in stances over the evolution of the kata?  Perhaps you need to start with the evolution of the Okinawan Kata into it's modern day Japanese counterpart.


I can not help but wonder how one is suppose to train for years as a beginner, programming the sub-conscious with these "training stances" and then turn that off later as one becomes more advanced.


In any combative discipline,a certain amount of physical conditioning is necessary.  The problem with kata and modern karate is that the form is emphasized to the detriment of the function.  If the two were taught together then the kata would look a little different and the training methods change dramatically.


 I believe that we do not have the originals, and it is clear that kata and various Okinawan stances/techniques have evolved so much that the same one is done 10 different ways through the community.


Yes, there are many interpretations..


I am sorry to disagree...and it still just might be me...but in my training I do not see that. 


Modern training has lost a lot of its previous structure.. :(


Regards,
Bob





From: Ed  
Sent: Tuesday, May 28, 2002 3:29 PM
Subject: Re: Re: [SRSI] Update.. Re: Jutte Kata Update..

Hi Chris,
It has been my understanding...and I may be ill-informed...that Funakoshi was responsible for the depended stanceThat he believed that a deep, root stance was a core understanding.
Ed: Do you have a quoted source for the above statement you attribute to Funakoshi?

 
In fact Funakoshi said that "low stances were for the beginner, and high stances for the expert". Secondly, if you have ever watched Funaksohi on tape you will see his high stances. And please do not tell me they were high because he was short.


 
Stances are for training. The natural stance (high) is for self defense and application.

 
Regards  Ed Hudson Chidokan


Tuesday, August 27, 2024

Okinawan Karate or Religion

  Dear CD Members,


 



Itosu Anko stated that Okinawan karate was not influenced by either Buddhisim or Confusianism but based on the principles of moral behavior. The brutal methods of fighting that was developed by the Peichin Udon ( the security guards of the Ryukyu Kingdom) transcended into Uchinan Di that adopted the principle of " to win without fighting" and the premise that karate does not teach attacking first. The Ryukyu Kingdom enjoyed 700 years of peaceful existence which allowed them to focus on accepted moral behavoir between their ciizens even during the periodic occupations by the Satsuma. Therefore Okinawan karate had no organized religious influence as part of the development of their cultural development of karate.


The Chinese fighting methods had as a whole had minimal influence by Buddhisim, Confusianism or Toaism until the 17th century when the Toaist elitely educated began to embrace the physical arts to enhance the "Tao". While, the Shaolin methods had strong religious influence the majority of fighting methods were based on martial needs.


The Japanese had more influence on the religious thought to karate through the previous influence of Buddhisim on their indigenous fighting methods.


In the 47 years I have been involved in karate; (7) in Shotokan and (40) in Shorin Ryu and having spent a considerable amount of time on Okinawa, I have never heard or been exposed to religious teachings.


IMHO karate is an adjunct activity than an be a compliment to any spiritual belief system. While I am a Christian and my belief is that God has provided the study of karate for me for several purposes with the primary purpose being to enhance my joy of life and to help others enjoy life as God intended. Similarly, I believe that karate as the Okinawan’s intended can provide value to other belief systems.


Okinawan karate was created to be ubiquitous or the value would be limited to only those that have belief system that similar to the Okinawan creators.


Gambatte

Dan Smith


Monday, August 26, 2024

A look at Taido

 These are scenes from the actual match of Tetsuji Nakano Godan at the 20th All Japan Adult Taido Championship Tournament held at Tokyo Budokan (Ayase) on Monday, September 20, 2010. Taido IMO is a very unique approach to what as become a newer Japanese sport.


2010 中野哲爾 実戦@躰道社会人大会(1/3)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xRGSomPw98Q
 

 
2010 中野哲爾 実戦@躰道社会人大会(2/3)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wVEgH2eHrxA



2010 中野哲爾 実戦@躰道社会人大会(3/3)








Biography of Nakasone Seyu-Tomari-te

 

Nakasone Seiyu was considered the last ‘Bushi’ of Tomarite, yet very little is known about him. He studied under several teachers including Iha and Maeda. This video provides a glimpse into Nakasone’s life which is drawn from Tokashiki Ike’s 1988 book, “20 years of Gohakukai”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dj78dwsDS58


 

A thought on modern knife usage for defensive action

Knife Usage - Modern



The "modern" method of knife usage is to open the blade in the ice pick position with the cutting edge TOWARD you and bring the knife down and toward you in a pulling/hammering  motion.
 

Incredibly fast and hard to counter.
 

Hank Prohm



 

Sunday, August 25, 2024

Analysis of Ginchin Funaloshi use of the Okinawan Bubishi

 




Hi Jim and Donna,

Interesting discussion on the last quote in the Bubishi section of Funakoshi’sKarate-Do Kyohan’.  Funakoshi incorporated those sections in all three texts he wrote, the 1922 ‘Ryukyu Kempo Karate’ and 1925 ‘Karate Jutsu’ and well as the 1935 KyohanBut he incorporated it in the Chinese original, not translated into Japanese.


One wonders, after leaving Chinese names for kata behind, why he was still willing to show that Okinawan Karate had Chinese connections.  In fact (outside of Bubishi translations in English, and the one’s Jim’s giving which I suspect are one’s he’s made himself, it was only in last years publication of ‘Karate Jutsu’, the 1925 book, that a translator presented them in that book in English.  In the notes he also suggests that Funakoshi may have altered his presented text from the original Bubishi.


Jim presents “When one's hands and feet move together, one's form is flawless."


John Teramoto’s translation reads, “Your hands and feet [stance] must never fail to be aligned in the proper direction.”


To my way of thinking both are describing the same conceptual thought.


Donna questioned “ The obvious meaning is that maintaining the unities gives proper function to the form, as it were. I'm not coming up with anything more, though...“


As Jim replied I also believe Donna is on the right track.


By way of example in my early fighting days (pre safety gear) I can recall sparring with individuals outside of my dojo.  On occasion (and almost certainly by happenstance) I can recall delivering strikes that just seemed to flow into my opponent with no force and dropping them with a strike into the solar plexus, or the jaw.


On reflection it was part the area being struck, but in part the correct alignment of my body, the angle of the strike and the correct target. Not due to my brilliance, but to happenstance that I was in the right place at the right time. Of course I then worked on trying to repeat those performances, but rarely with the same results.


When every aspect of your body is correctly aligned in a strike, all your force is moving into your target and not partially vectoring elsewhere. This makes one’s form flawless.  


In this sense, the practice of kata is a tool to work on achieving that unity, to work on the alignment and timing of the extremities with the central corpus of the body. The Kumite is the next step on taking that practiced form and adapting it to sell it when the circumstances arise, not from happenstance but from control and intent.


Personally, I believe the original use of ‘Sanchin’ testing was to do just that, test the total alignment of the student, not to strike into their arm to see if they could take a strike, but to apply appropriate pressure to see that their total alignment was correct and capable of neutralizing the opposing force.  But I also believe such testing was often misunderstood as it wasn’t given verbally, and the obvious nature of striking the body replaced the intent of challenging the alignment of the whole.


I remain wondering what did Funakoshi intend by leaving these passages in Chinese. Was he testing his students to see if they would undergo the challenge of understanding their value. Was his lack of ‘bunkai’ or application study with his students intentional or perhaps was it that they weren’t training deeply enough to address the application potential in the manner in which he was originally trained and he wasn’t willing to give them a lessor version. Instead leaving the signposts from the Bubishi.


Of course this is speculation, and my words aren’t better than another’s thoughts. But as simple as the words from the Bubishi may be, there seem to be lessons for us to ponder.


Myself, some day I hope I can let Jim read the original Chinese from the ‘Karate Jutsu’ text and see if it is the same as he was translating from.  But that’s my own interest in the art of translation, or cross cultural communication.


Just some quiet, Pleasant thoughts that play off against my Isshinryu studies.


Victor Smith
Bushi No Te Isshinryu



Itosu 8 point kicking drill


While I knew most of these kicks from Lewis Sensei's Chart II, It was only when I worked out this drill that John Sell's saved in his book "Unante" that I realized the power they had for interior line of defense/offense using  these kicks.

For example, I previously never considered kicking into the leg/hip joint to conclude an attack. That one idea alone was priceless.

You never really know what you will find seriously reading martial arts literature.




When I discovered John Sell’s"'Unante", he made reference to an Itosu 8 point kicking drill. I reconstructed it from his description and I discovered many fascinating kicking concepts.


The drill with a partner is essentially 8 different kicks (either delivered one after an other or with both partners alternating). As I see it they are (delivered from natural stance) :



a. Right squat kick to the opponents left floating ribs

b. Left squat kick to the opponents right floating ribs

c. Right front kick to the solar plexus

d. Left cross front kick to the opponents left hip ball joint

e. Right cross front kick to the opponents right hip ball joint

f. Left front kick to the groin

g. Right cross front kick to the opponents inner thigh

h. Left cross front kick to the opponents inner thigh




It can be done by one person against a static partner, or it can be done by two partners who alternate kicks. i.e.:


Partner 1. Right squat kick to the opponents left floating ribs.
Partner 2. Right squat kick to the opponents left floating ribs.

Partner 1  Left squat kick to the opponents right floating ribs.
Partner 2  Left squat kick to the opponents right floating ribs.


Continue with the rest of the drill.



This drill promotes inside line kicking techniques.

An example of how we taught the drill
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MWsCvvwxW1E


Mike Cassidy working with Devin Van Curren



Notes:


 1. ‘Unante’ by John Sells – published by W.M. Hawley 1995


 2. Squat Kick – An Isshinryu kicking technique with the ball of the foot, about ½ front kick and ½ roundhouse kick. The support leg flexes (into a squat) first. It really is a front kick delivered from the floor at a 45 degree angle.

 3. Scoop Kick – A rising front kick to the groin delivered with the top of the foot.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Hello everyone,

I'm not sure if this has any bearing on the conversation being held about kicking technique but I do have a short story from Robert Orozco.


"When he visited my dojo, I believe the second time, he told me that Yonamime sensei (his instructor) would have then take off their obi, hold it at arms length, and attempt to kick to chin level without touching the obi. Now, I am not a flexible person by any means, but"this was impossible for me to do as well as all of my students."

 
"My instructor has always told me to never kick about belt level and this is what he brought back from Okinawa so this is what I also teach." 



Saturday, August 24, 2024

実戦空手!沖縄剛柔空手の組手に勝つ蹴りの秘伝!【下段蹴りの実際の

 

Combat Karate! 

The secret of kicking to win the kumite of Okinawa Goju Karate! The actual kick of the lower row


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XHR87Qh7WGQ

There is a great deal of the kicking I learned from the Isshinryu lower body chart shown in this video.
 

Friday, August 23, 2024

On Chinsu kata

 


Several years earlier I joined the internet age, and discovered among other things I could communicate with individuals around the world.  There were many credible individuals there, there were also many less credible individuals pushing their own agenda's.


Not I started my karate studies in 1975, so this was about 25 years later. Along my way I found many who had inflated their arts histories, even to push those inflated arts at open tournaments, stating they were doing traditional karate. Of course in time I realized many of their arts were something else.


Back then the internet of the day were karate magazines, and of course they also had their own agenda. Meaning even then you had to take what was written with a grain of salt.


Gradually VHS tapes became available to purchase, then DVD. This was all before You Tube came about.

So one day an individual, Paul Hart, claiming he was teaching a very secret Okinawan karate system tried to prove it by sharing the form CHINSU on a file server for a few days. I downloaded that video and saved it in my files. I did not recognize the form and never had seen is previously talked about anywhere.


Chinsu Kata - Sakugawa Family
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N5BKTfHue5g



This was the discussion from those days.



Paul,

I would like to see a clear version of this kata. I have never seen it before. It comes from the Matsumura lineage but who teaches it now in Okinawa?

Frank


Unknown Kata

Frank, I did not know that this was available on tape. Most of the people who practice the old Kata's will not record them and I was rather surprised to see this on You Tube in this version. I know of only a few who do it, as well as the whole of the Sakugawa Family who still practice the original form from tode sakugawa.


Paul



Paul,

Thanks for the info. If there is anyone still practicing his kata on Okinawa I have never seen it in the 13 years I lived there. I went to hundreds of demonstrations in the Budokan as well as in many very small villages.

I will write to Zenpo Shimabukuro adn a few others in Okinawa and see what they can tell me of Chinsu.


Sincerely, Frank




Re: Unknown Kata

The Sakugawa Family does a version very similar to this. The Family art, not the public version. I believe that may be Toshio (Satnley) Sakugawa doing the Kata but it is very poor and I cannot tell for sure.


Paul



Re: Unknown Kata


There are many version of Chinsu done by different groups. Zenpo would do Kyan's version I believe. Lots of history there that I wont get in to. Stay away from the tatemae version of history to find the truth behind Kata such as this.


Paul

P.S. If anyone is ever interested in talking about history, i am always up for a talk about Karate history. Gives me new research material when I talk with others. My number is 253-653-2780.


Paul



Discussion of :


The Chinsu kata. It's one of the old original Tode Jitsu katas from Bushi Matsumura's Tode system (later Shorin Ryu). This kata was one that was broken into pieces like the Channan kata, and many people practice pieces of it and don't even know. Modern day, kata that resemble Chinsu are Shotokan's Sochin, and the Seito Shorin Useishi kata.


Chinsu kata.

1. Standing feet together - draw hands up through center fingers open palms up
2. Push toes out then follow with heels out - end in a shizen tai (Natural Standing Posture)
3. Step forward left leg out - stop in Shiko Dachi, while doing this circle both hands out so that they end up straight out to the sides, hands are open and fingertips are up.
4. Turn 90 degrees to the left (pivoting on right foot) into left back stance with left down block and right upper-level backfist to the rear (simultaneously). (W)
5. Step forward into right sochin stance with right down block and left rising block (simultaneously). (W)
6. Step forward into left sochin stance with right sweep block. (W)
7. Left mid-level punch. (W)
8. Right mid-level punch. (W)
9. Spin 180 degrees behind (pivoting on right foot) into left back stance with left down block and right upper-level backfist to the rear (simultaneously). (E)
10. Step forward into right sochin stance with right down block and left rising block (simultaneously). (E)
11. Step forward into left sochin stance with right sweep block. (E)
12. Left mid-level punch. (E)
13. Right mid-level punch. (E)
14. Spin 180 degrees and Stand up with feet together, and then draw left foot out into horse stance with spreading the clouds block. (W)
15. Bring right foot back to your left, and then step forward with left foot into left forward stance with left high bent wrist strike (goose neck strike) (N)
16. Bring left foot back to your right, and then step forward with right foot into right forward stance with right high bent wrist strike (goose neck strike). (N)
17. Left face-level ridge hand strike. (N)
18. Left front kick, chambering the leg after the kick into crane stance. (N)
19. Pivoting on right foot turn 180 degrees behind, still in crane stance with right outside forearm block across your body. (S)
20. Bring left foot back into right forward stance with left mid-level punch. (S)
21. Pivoting on right foot turn 180 degrees behind into left forward stance with right face-level ridge hand strike. (N)
22. Right front kick, chambering the leg after the kick into crane stance. (N)
23. Pivoting on left foot turn 180 degrees behind, still in crane stance with left outside forearm block across your body. (S)
24. Bring right foot back into left forward stance with right mid-level punch. (S)
25. Bring left foot back to right into feet together stance with double down blocks out to your sides. (S)
26. Spin 180 degrees behind (pivoting on left foot) into right back stance with knife block. (W)
27. Step forward at a 45 degree to your left into left back stance with knife block. (SW)
28. Spin 135 degrees behind (pivoting on right foot) into left back stance with knife block. (E)
29. Step forward at a 45 degree angle to your right into right back stance with knife block. (SE)
30. Turn 45 degrees to your right (pivoting on left foot) into right back stance with knife block. (S)
31. Step forward into left back stance with knife block. (S)
32. Bring right foot up to left into modified cat stance, press block with left hand and follow with right hand mid-level horizontal spearhand attack (left hand ends open and under right bicep). (S)
33. Left front kick, return left foot back to right. (S)
34. Right front kick, left mid-level backfist to the front, right inside forearm block to your right (simultaneously). (S)
35. Land in right back stance with left inside forearm block to your left and right mid-level backfist to the front (simultaneously). Kiai!!! (S)
36. Stand and step forward into left sanchin stance while simultaneously performing double open hand circular blocks and immediately following with U-type palmheel strikes. (S)
37. Step forward into right sanchin stance while simultaneously performing double open hand circular blocks and immediately following with U-type palmheel strikes. (S)
38. Pivoting on right foot, turn 180 degrees behind into left forward stance with rising block. (N)
39. Right mid-level punch. Kiai!!! (N)
40. Bring left foot back to right into feet together stance with double down blocks out to your sides. (N)
Yame.


:D



 
Where did you get this from? It starts off right, then is all messed up. Chinsu is a shorter kata, and has a feel of Hakaku and Chinto. If you want I can post the correct one.


John



When doing this imagine a compass. You start in the North position facing south. The east is to your left, and the west is to your right.

Chinsu Kata   (2nd version)

Begin at north facing south.
1. Rei
2. Step Left Shiko Dachi
3. Circle hands so arms are straight and fingers are pointing up
4. Pull left leg up to right leg (Tsuru Dachi), right arm in ude uke, left arm gedan barai
5. Shove left leg down to Zenkutsu Dachi, left morote uke
6. Returning wave kick from left leg, then right gyaku tsuki
7. Step south with right Shiko Dachi, circle both hands out so arms are straight fingers up
8. Pull right leg up to crane stance (Tsuru Dachi), left arm in ude uke, left arm gedan barai
9. Shove right leg down to Zenkutsu Dachi, right morote uke
10. Returning Wave kick with right leg, left gyaku tsuki
11. Move left foot back into Shiko Dachi turn your body so you are now facing east
12. Push both hands out head level (like grabing someone's head)
13. Pull hands to left hip
14. Push hands back out
15. Pull hands to right hip
16. Step through (going north) and stop in Shiko dachi facing west
17. Push hands out to head level
18. Pull hands to right hip
19. Push hands out
20. Pull hands to left hip
21. Move left foot to sanchin dachi facing south circle hands in unsu motion
22. step back sanchin dachi and circle hands again
23. step forward with left foot zenkutsu dachi double first knuckle strikes (kiai)
24. step forward right foot to shiko dachi both hands out fingers up
25. pull right foot into left facing south hands still out
26. step forward left zenkutsu dachi, left empi uchi
27. step back hands out
28. step forward right zenkutsu dachi, right empi uchi
29. step back
30. put right foot behind left foot and about face movement, right hand in gedan barai on turn
31. pull right foot back to neko ashi dachi, move hands to reverse chicken head position
32. shift forward strike with finger tips
33. shift forward strike with finger tips
34. shift forward strike with finger tips (kiai)
35. turn on hips so now facing south, feet together stance with both arms out fingers up
36. Rei


We still practice this kata a lot, especially under Sensei Boyd White. Hope this gets everyone on the right foot, because the one above is kind of off.

==============================================

Outside of this discussion, I never found any other discussion on Chinsu.


Years later when You Tube became available, I posted in on a private You Tube group, later I shared it openly. It seems that I was the only one who ever shared Chinsu. I guess that says something there.


The existence of Paul Hart is another matter. Of course as he passed away there is little reason to open that can of worms.


To date, this is the only version of Chinsu kata that I have ever seen.



The Sword and the Mind

 



Hiroaki Sato's translation of the book The Sword and the Mind is a good translation of several of the most important texts of classical Japanese swordsmanship, the Heiho Kadensho, Fudochi Shimmyoroku, and the Taia-ki. These are works that have bearing on more than martial arts, serving as guides to Japanese political, business, and educational leaders for generations.


Sato begins with brief chronologies of Japanese history and Yagyu-related events and continues with an excellent introduction that gives both the socio-historical and philosophical context of Shinkage-ryu strategy and swordsmanship.


He continues with the Heiho kadensho ("Book of the Family Transmission of Swordsmanship") proper, broken into its three constituent sections, "The Shoe-Offering Bridge," "The Death-Dealing Blade," and the "Life-Giving Sword."


These are followed by Takuan's essay, Fudochi shimmyoroku ("Divine Record of Immovable Wisdom"), a long message by the famous Zen priest to Munenori that served as a lesson on the more abstruse elements of swordsmanship and an admonition to Yagyu not to let his position and authority cause him to falter from the True Path. It is a remarkable work for its incisive view of human psychology and the dynamics of interpersonal relationships.


The last section is the Taia-ki (On the Sword of T'ai-a), a further elucidation on the philosophical, and perhaps spiritual, dimensions of swordsmanship when it is used an entity for more than merely killing an enemy, but as a means for living.


Speaking as a student of the Yagyu Shinkage-ryu, there are a couple of places where I think the Sato translation of Heiho kadensho doesn't quite hit the mark. It is not from any lack of skill as a translator, but because he himself doesn't study the art of swordsmanship, and certainly has no firsthand knowledge of Shinkage-ryu theory or methodology. Frankly, I don't think anybody who is not a member of the school can really speak directly to some of the concepts, though Sato certainly comes pretty close.


This is just quibbling on my part, though. If one wishes to read the "real deal," as far as that is possible in a non-Japanese language, this is a good place to start.


Meik Skoss




 
Heiho Kaden ShoFamily-Transmitted Book on Swordsmanship


Volume One – The Shoe-Offering Bridge

The Book of the Shinkage School of Swordsmanship




THE THREE ELEMENTS

Posture
Arms and Legs
Sword

 

Begin your study with the three lines listed above:


They are the gate for the beginner.
Along with the three elements, learn the following five points (instructions on posture when facing an  opponent).

             
Hold your body sideways to your opponents         
Regard your opponent's fists as equal to your shoulders.
Make a shield of your fists.
Stretch your left elbow.
Put your weight on the forward knee and stretch our your right knee.


The points above describe the initial posture.


    The initial posture is called the wheel. It is the way you hold your sword. Because you can rotate your sword, we have named it the wheel. Hold your sword sideways. Let your opponent cut toward your left shoulder and as he does so, rotate your sword and win. Keep your posture low.


    In general your posture is intended to prevent your opponent from slashing you. It is like setting up a castle and digging a moat to hold your enemy off. It is not meant to slash your opponent. Don’t attack casually, but hold yourself carefully lest your opponent slash you. For these reasons, this is the posture you must learn first.

 
THE FIRST FIVE


Itto Ryodan: Splitting the opponent in two with a single stroke


    As elsewhere, the opponent is depicted at left  [RFF holding the sword before them]. You face the opponent sideways holding your sword on your right, downward, the tip facing away from you. [You are LFF and your left shoulder is most forward as you hold the sword as described.]