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https://note.com/motoburyu/n/na7a7718d67d2
Research on Judo's Separation System and Fighting Technique Judo
April
22, 2023 11:33 PM
The
following description is given in Nango Jiro's "This Year's Summer
Practice" in the Kodokan's magazine "Judo" (August issue of
Showa 18).
Unlike this year's
summer rehearsals, the main building has listed two special events of training that can be
carried out, and I hope that it will contribute to the reference of local
leaders.
The first is at 2:30
p.m., after the first roll call of the summer practice, followed by a short
time of "tai training" and "to" offense and defense
lessons. This is because they believe that those who can train in the Japan
pavilion tomorrow will be called to the front line tomorrow, and that the
training of one-hit kills in the separation posture of judo is to be keenly
aware of the necessity directly on the battlefield.
pp.2, 3
Nango Jiro (1876-1951) was the second
director of the Kodokan. He was a naval officer with the final rank of rear
admiral, but since he was the nephew of Jigoro Kano, he became the director of
the Kodokan.
According to the above, in the summer
practice held at the Kodokan in August 1943 (Showa 18), two tasks were
practiced, unlike in previous years. One is a "separation posture"
rehearsal, and the other is a 30-minute continuous practice called "number
practice".
Since it was during the war, all of them must
have been rehearsals with the actual battle on the battlefield in mind.
"Separation posture" is a difficult
word, but in short, it is a battle and defense posture at a distance like
karate and aikido. Therefore, it is said that the attack and defense practice
of the hit (hitting technique) and the "body preparation" to avoid
the hit were carried out from a distance.
At that time, "judo that can be used on
the battlefield" was an urgent issue at the Kodokan. According to one
theory, there was criticism from the military that judo was useless as a
fighting sport.
As is well known, in judo, each player grabs
each other's sleeves and collars to get carried out. If this system is called a
"union posture," then the offensive and defensive posture in the
union system is based on the prohibition of the time being. If they admit it,
they will have no choice but to adopt a "separation posture."
Martial arts that fight in a separating
posture include karate, boxing, and aikido, and martial arts that fight in a
union stance include judo, sumo, and wrestling.
Already around the time of Jigoro Kano, how
to incorporate this into judo has been an important issue. The reason why he
invited Yoshijin Funakoshi to the Kodokan to observe a karate demonstration,
and during his visit to Okinawa, he attended a demonstration by Motobu Asaki
was probably for the purpose of studying karate. Yokomoto Isekichi,
"Ryukyu Kyushu Companion Record" (1927) has the following description
(Note 1).
Mr. Motobu broke a board that was thought to
be eight minutes thick with a fist bone. I also saw a demonstration in which
the double joint was easily split with the palm (the muscle on the little
finger side). Mr. Motobu has been researching the practical application of this
karaoke for many years, and is called the first person in Okinawa to try it in
the field. The master touched Mr. Motobu's fists and palms with his hands, and
he was greatly praised for his practice.
According to the above, Motobu Asaki was
called "Okinawa No. 1" in practical applications of karate, that is,
kumite, and Kano touched Motobu Asamoto's fists and palms and greatly praised
his practice.
The form of "energetic good use national
physical education" established by Kano was probably the result of karate
research, but the disorder of separation was still an issue.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uvqxiXiA9eM
Since Nango had a military background, its use on the judo battlefield must have been an important theme. In 1941 (Showa 16), by order of the director of the Nango Museum, a committee was established on "Judo techniques in separation postures" with Kunio Murakami as chairman (Note 2). In addition, at the Butokukai and Budo College in Kyoto, research was conducted mainly by Tamio Kurihara.
The study of judo techniques in a separating
position was not done simply from a sporting point of view. It was also done
from the viewpoint of positioning judo as a "hand-to-hand combat
technique" that can be used on the battlefield. In other words, it is the
study of "fighting art judo".
As the war intensified, school judo in
particular became a part of martial arts as a combat art. Along with the
positioning of "military combat skills", it was incorporated into the
means of refining the "spirit of loyalty and courage" (Note 3).
However, after the war, due to various
difficulties such as the "martial arts ban", the separation system of
judo and research on its immediate existence declined. In addition, many of the
materials related to the war were also incinerated for fear of being pursued by
GHQ.
If the separation posture and pursuit of
one's immediate self in judo had continued after the war, what would judo have
it look like?
Note 1 Yokomoto Isekichi, "Ryukyu Kyushu
Companion Record," Sakuoki, 6(3), Kodokan Bunka Kai, 1927, p. 35.
Note 2 Kenji Tomiki, "Judo Principles
and Kendo Principles," Judo, 43(9), Kodokan, 1972, p. 5.
Note 3 Keiichi Okao, "'Judoka' Tamio
Kurihara," Judo, 64(8), Kodokan, 1993, p. 39.
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